Mutagenesis Advance Access originally published online on May 21, 2007
Mutagenesis 2007 22(4):281-285; doi:10.1093/mutage/gem014
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Intake of fruits and vegetables and polymorphisms in DNA repair genes in bladder cancer
1Unità di Epidemiologia dei Tumori, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Oncologia Umana, Università di Torino and CPO-Piemonte, Torino, Italy 2ISI Foundation, viale Settimio Severo 65, Torino 10100 Italy 3Dipartmento di Genetica, Biologia e Biochimica, University of Torino, Italy 4University of Dartmouth, New Hampshire, USA 5Divisione di Urologia 2 6Divisione di Urologia 1 7Divisione di Urologia 3, Ospedale S. Giovanni Battista, Torino 8Imperial College London, UK
The objective is to investigate the relationships between fruit and vegetable intake, DNA repair gene polymorphisms and the risk of bladder cancer. We have analyzed a hospital-based case–control study of 266 individuals with incident, histologically confirmed bladder cancer diagnosed between 1994 and 2003. Controls (n = 193) were patients treated for benign diseases recruited daily in a random fashion from the same hospital as the cases. All cases and controls were interviewed face-to-face for major risk factors, along fruit and vegetable consumption. Odds ratios (ORs) for fruit and vegetable intake and DNA repair gene polymorphisms were adjusted for age and smoking status, using unconditional logistic regression. A statistically significant decreased risk was observed for fruit and vegetable intake above median (versus below the median) [unadjusted OR 0.61, confidence interval (CI) 95% 0.50–0.96 and OR 0.54, CI 95% 0.39–0.80, respectively]; the decreased risk persisted after adjustment for age and cigarette smoking (OR 0.73, CI 95% 0.49–1.01 and OR 0.86, CI 95% 0.56–1.08, respectively). The fruits and vegetables associated with decreased risks included leafy green vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, apples and citrus fruits. We did not find any interactions between DNA repair gene polymorphisms and fruit and vegetable intake. This study found a reduced risk associated with fruit and vegetable intake. No interaction was observed between fruit and vegetable consumption and DNA repair gene polymorphisms.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +39 011 6603555; Fax: +39 011 2365601; Email: giuseppe.matullo{at}unito.it
Received on July 25, 2006; revised on March 13, 2007; accepted on March 13, 2007.