Mutagenesis Advance Access published online on November 5, 2009
Mutagenesis, doi:10.1093/mutage/gep044
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A review of biomonitoring studies measuring genotoxicity in humans exposed to hair dyes
615 Booth Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA 1The Procter & Gamble Co., 11511 Reed Hartman Highway, Cincinnati, OH 45241, USA 2The Procter & Gamble Co., PO Box 538707, Cincinnati, OH 45253, USA
Hair dye ingredients frequently produce positive results in short-term in vitro genotoxicity tests, although results from in vivo assays are typically negative, especially for ingredients in use today. The use of hair dyes is quite widespread resulting in the exposure both for persons working in hairdressing salons and for individuals who have their hair dyed. This provides the opportunity to add to the data from standard in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity tests by investigating whether or not genotoxic responses are detected in such exposed individuals. A number of biomonitoring studies of humans exposed to hair dyes have been conducted using either cytogenetic alterations or DNA damage as measures of genotoxicity, or urine mutagenicity as a measure of exposure to genotoxic compounds. In this paper, each study is critically reviewed and interpreted. Overall, there is no consistent evidence of genotoxicity in humans exposed to hair dyes occupationally or through individual use.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 513 627 2647; Fax: +1 513 627 0002; Email: aardema.mj{at}pg.com
Received on August 10, 2009; revised on September 21, 2009; accepted on September 23, 2009.