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Mutagenesis, Vol. 14, No. 1, 1-3, January 1999
© 1999 UK Environmental Mutagen Society/Oxford University Press

Commentary

Mutant manifestation: the time factor in somatic mutagenesis

manifestation n. the act, process, or instance of making evident (Webster's Dictionary, 1961)

John A. Heddle1

Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada M3J 13

Mutagenesis in live mammals is much more complex than in bacteria, fungi or cultured mammalian cells. In microorganisms, metabolism is rapid, replication of the genome may take less than 1 h, and mutation fixation is necessarily quick. In microbes, because of their rapid cell division, pre-existing non-mutant gene products are quickly diluted or replaced, making the mutant phenotype evident within a few hours. Even in cultured cells, mutant frequencies are typically maximal within a few days. In these cases, the time at which samples are taken after treatment is readily standardized for a particular locus. In vivo, however, most of these processes happen much more slowly and other processes are also involved, so the maximal mutant frequency may be observed as long as 3 months after exposure in sperm (Douglas et al., 1995Go) and possibly longer in other tissues. It can be as short as 1 week . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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