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Mutagenesis, Vol. 17, No. 6, 551-579, November 2002
© 2002 UK Environmental Mutagen Society/Oxford University Press

Abstracts of the United Kingdom Environmental Mutagen Society 25th Anniversary Meeting, June 30 to July 3, University of Plymouth, UK

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   1. The enemy within: Endogenous DNA lesions as substrates for DNA repair
 
T. Lindahl, D.E. Barnes, A. Dulic, H. Nilsen, P. Robins, B. Sedgwick, S. Trewick

Clare Hall Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, South Mimms, Herts EN6 3LD, UK

Chromatin is susceptible both to environmental mutagens and to many endogenously generated compounds. Intracellular DNA damage can occur by hydrolysis and oxidation as well as by reaction with lipid peroxidation products, hydroxylated estrogens, endogenously generated alkylating agents, and amino acid degradation products. Such potentially mutagenic and carcinogenic events are counteracted by DNA repair. The major repair pathways have been elucidated, but there are still some surprises when the correction mechanisms for unusual DNA lesions are investigated. A novel mechanism of DNA repair involves direct reversal of base alkylation damage by oxidative DNA demethylation employing iron-dependent free-radical chemistry.

Variable DNA repair due to single nucleotide polymorphisms in relevant genes may turn out to be a key factor to explain variations in individual . . . [Full Text of this Article]


   2. Molecular mechanisms of UV-induced mutations as revealed by the study of human cells expressing DNA polymerase {eta}
 

   3. Mechanisms of carcinogenicity/chemotherapy by O6-methylguanine
 

   4. Characterisation of the Fanconi anaemia gene pathway using Chinese hamster cell mutants
 

   5. Variation in DNA repair capacity in normal humans
 

   6. Genetic Effects Of Environmental Contaminants: From Molecules To Populations
 

   7. From ethics to genetics: protecting the environment with respect to ionizing radiation.
 

   8. Ecogenotoxicological evaluation of tritium (3H) on marine invertebrates
 

   10. Effects of Exposure to 2,4-D or TCDD on Gonadal Differentiation in the Soft-shell Clam, Mya arenaria.
 

   11. Toxicogenomics in non-model organisms: use of custom microarrays and subtractive hybridisation to study differential gene expression in the European flounder
 

   12. Mutagenicity, rodent carcinogenicity and endocrine disruption: standard protocols for established assays versus the need to deploy new assays.
 

   13. Multicolour-FISH in two and three dimensions
 

   14. Genome stability in Fanconi anaemia: telomere studies and molecular biology of FANCD2
 

   15. What do human micronuclei contain?
 

   16. Application of molecular cytogenetics: Identification of an upstream regulator of HNF-4{alpha} expression by mapping the translocation breakpoint in a family with diabetes.
 

   17. An Analysis of the in vitro aneugenic activity of Bisphenol A.
 

   18. The detection of p53 mutations in pre-malignant tissues; a biomarker for cancer risk.
 

   19. Paradigm changes in radiation genetics: possible implications for genetic toxicology
 

   20. Metabolic activation of the suspected human carcinogen 3-nitrobenzanthrone by human acetyltransferases and human sulfotransferase
 

   21. An adaptation of single cell gel electrophoresis that enables the differentiation of comets derived from apoptotic, necrotic or viable cells
 

   22. Development of model mammalian systems for the study of mechanisms of chromatid breaks.
 

   23. DNA damage - bad fat, good fat.
 

   24. Cellular glutathione status and p53 protein expression: Biomarkers for the risk assessment of betel-nut chewers
 

   25. The alkaline comet assay as a predictive test of bladder cancer cell radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity.
 

   26. The Role of DNA Damage in the Development of Barrett's Oesophagus and Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma
 

   27. A proposed approach for genotoxicity risk assessment
 

   28. The Role of UKEMS in the Development of Testing Guidelines
 

   29. Antigenotoxic Properties of Selenium Compounds on Potassium Dichromate
 

   30. Establishment of a multiple-endpoint genotoxicity test system based on human cells
 

   31. Karyotypic analysis of a rat egr-1/GFP transgenic model and chromosomal localization of the transgene.
 

   32. Chromosome aberrations in patients with hip replacement
 

   33. Is aristolochic acid a risk factor for Balkan endemic nephropathy-associated urothelial cancer?
 

   34. G:C->A:T mutations in the liver lacI gene of Big Blue® rats fed leucomalachite green
 

   35. A study on the origin of the two hairs cells in the wing Spot test of Drosophila melanogaster
 

   36. p53-dependent nucleotide excision repair of biologically significant levels of DNA adducts in human cells
 

   37. Synergistic mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide and UV radiation in the supF gene
 

   38. Cells cultured at low density have increased frequencies of micronuclei
 

   39. In vitro comet assay using human and rat liver S9 fractions
 

   40. Human Cytochrome P450 3A4 converts tamoxifen to the DNA binding metabolite {alpha}-hydroxytamoxifen.
 

   41. Bone marrow micronucleus test in p53 knockout heterozygous and parental wild type mice after acute and 4-week oral treatment with melphalan
 

   42. Comet assay in p53 knockout heterozygous and parental wild type mice after acute and 4-week oral treatment with melphalan
 

   43. Xenobiotic diacyglycerols: aneuploidy induction and cell cycle control
 

   45. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis of Helicobacter pylori induced chromosomal aberrations in gastric tissue
 

   46. Factors Responsible for the Non-Random Manifestation of DNA Phosphotriester Adducts In Vivo.
 

   47. Two-stage cell transformation using the pH 6.7 Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) system.
 

   48. A method to expose mammalian cells in vitro to whole smoke at the air-liquid interface.
 

   49. In vitro Genotoxicity of Smoke From Cigarettes Containing Tobacco Ingredients
 

   50. The effects of Thai medicinal plants on nitric oxide production in J774.2 mouse macrophage cell line
 

   51. Free radical activity of urban particulate matter measured by plasmid strand break assay and the comet assay
 

   52. Application of the in vitro micronucleus/kinetochore assay in risk assessment
 

   53. ILSI HESI Structure-Activity Relationship Database
 

   54. Evaluation of gene expression changes in mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells treated with MMS using a Molecular Dynamics platform and the GSK Tox-2.2 gene array
 

   55. Is MutaTMMouse insensitive to clastogens?
 

   56. Biophotonic imaging of transgenic Haem Oxygenase-luciferase (HO-1.luc) mice treated with genotoxic carcinogens that induce oxidative stress
 

   57. Assessment of DNA damage in the lymphocytes of a healthy Indian population using the Alkaline Comet assay
 

   58. The Influence of Arachidonic Acid-Derived Prostaglandins on Normal Human Urothelial Cells In Vitro
 

   59. Gene-expression analysis by the AtlasTM glass microarray after gamma irradiation to the human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells; Effect of cell-cycle synchronization.
 

   60. An investigation into the molecular events leading to the induction of genetic damage at low and high toxicity by Differential Display gene expression analysis.
 

   61. Bisphenol-A induces multiple microtubule-organising centres (MTOCs) in cultured V79 cells
 

   62. Genotoxicity study of Bisphenol-A by micronucleus assay in the human metabolically competent cell line MCL-5.
 

   64. Antimutagenic effect study of Nigella sativa using the white/white+ SMART assay of Drosophila melanogaster
 

   65. Effect of p53-dosage on radiation-responsiveness genes in p53+/– mice
 

   66. Chromosomal radiosensitivity in human mammary epithelial cells and lymphocytes from breast cancer patients – possible links with cancer predisposition.
 

   67. Validation Studies on Comet Assay for High-Throughput use
 

   68. The comet assay with eight mouse organs: Results with currently used food dyes by single and multiple treatment
 

   69. Elucidation of the biochemical pathways involved in the mutagenicity, associated with isolated particulate debris from the peri-prosthetic tissue of failed prostheses.
 

   70. Bile salt and acid conditions modify DNA damage levels in human oesophageal cell lines
 

   71. Evaluation of the common cockle Cerastoderma edule, as a potential biomonitoring species for detecting genotoxicity in the marine environment using the Comet assay.
 

   72. An in vitro investigation of airborne particulate matter using single cell gel electrophoresis
 

   73. Arsenate increases irradiation-induced DNA damage in cultured human lung fibroblasts
 

   74. Detection of genetic damage in oligozoospermic infertility patients with FISH, Comet, iRSM and SCSA
 

   75. Distribution of breakpoints induced by etoposide and X-rays along the CHO X chromosome
 

   76. The responses of mouse lymphoma L5178Ycells to aneugens are complex and associated with toxicity
 

   77. Sensitivity of different thalassaemia genotypes to food mutagens in the Comet assay
 

   78. The Lack of Clastogenic Activity of Aniline Hydrochloride in the Mouse Bone Marrow.
 

   79. Comparisons of repair in normal and cancer cells using the Comet assay, and micronuclei induction and cell cycle analysis with flow cytometry, after treatment with known mutagens.
 

   80. Induction of Micronuclei and Apoptosis By Deoxycholic Acid In Oesophageal Cancer Cell Lines
 

   81. Genotoxicity studies on DNA-interactive telomerase inhibitors
 

   82. Development of an RT-PCR assay for measuring differential gene expression of DNA repair genes associated with insertional mutagenesis
 

   83. Molecular epidemiological study in asbestos exposed workers. Assessment of biomarkers of exposure, effect and individual susceptibility
 

   84. Evaluation of the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of 4-nonylphenol using the RTG-2 cell line
 

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