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Mutagenesis, Vol. 18, No. 2, 151-158, March 2003
© 2003 UK Environmental Mutagen Society/Oxford University Press

Environmental factors affecting transcription of the human L1 retrotransposon. II. Stressors

José F. Morales, Elizabeth T. Snow1 and John P. Murnane2

Radiation Oncology Research Laboratory, University of California–San Francisco, 1855 Folsom Street, MCB 200, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA and 1 Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, 3125 Victoria, Australia

Retrotransposons have clearly molded the structure of the human genome. The reverse transcriptase coded for by long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) accounts for 35% of the human genome, with 8–9 x 105 copies of the most common human LINE element, L1Hs. Retrotransposons cycle through an RNA intermediate with transcription as the rate limiting step. Because various retrotransposons have been demonstrated to be induced by environmental stimuli, we investigated the response of the L1Hs promoter to various agents. L1Hs promoter activity was analyzed by transfecting an L1Hs-expressing cell line with plasmids containing one of two L1Hs promoters fused to the LacZ reporter gene. L1Hs promoter activity was then monitored with a ß-galactosidase assay. Treatment with UV light and heat shock resulted in a small increase in ß-galactosidase activity from one promoter, while treatment with tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate resulted in small increases in ß-galactosidase activity from both promoters. No increase in ß-galactosidase activity was observed after exposure to X-rays or hydrogen peroxide.

2 To whom correspondence should be addressed: Tel: +1 415 476 9083; Fax: +1 415 476 9069; Email: murnane{at}rorl.ucsf.edu


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