Mutagenesis vol. 19 no. 5 © UK Environmental Mutagen Society 2004; all rights reserved.
Chromosome fragility in two sheep flocks exposed to dioxins during pasturage
National Research Council (CNR), ISPAAM, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Gene Mapping, Via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy, 1Department of Animal Science and Food Inspection, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy, 2Department of Animal Production, University of Bari, Bari, Italy and 3Local Health Farm NA-4, Department of Prevention and Veterinary Service, Hygiene of Livestock and Animal Production, Nola (NA), Italy
In the last 3 years several farms raising cattle, river buffalo and sheep have been unable to sell dairy milk due to the presence of high levels of dioxins. Furthermore, several cases of abortion (around 25% of total births) and abnormal foetuses (2.5% of total births) were recorded in two flocks of sheep raised in the province of Naples where a higher level of dioxins (5.27 pg/g fat, as human WHO TCDD equivalent) have been found in the milk mass than that permitted (3.0 pg/g fat, as human WHO TCDD equivalent). Cytogenetic investigations were carried out on 24 sheep (all females), randomly sampled from the two different flocks, one abnormal foetus and 11 female sheep (control) raised 
80 km from the area where the two exposed flocks were raised. Frequencies of aneuploid cells, gaps, chromatid breaks, chromosome breaks, fragments and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) were determined. While no differences were observed between the number of aneuploid cells (15% of total cell population) of both exposed animals and controls, significant (P < 0.001) increases in the frequencies of other chromosome abnormalities (mean chromosome abnormality/cell = 0.76 ± 1.1) and SCEs (mean SCE/cell = 9.4 ± 3.7) were found in the exposed animals, compared with the control (mean chromosome abnormality/cell = 0.18 ± 0.4; mean SCE/cell = 7.1 ± 3.0). Significantly higher values of SCEs (mean SCE/cell = 10.9 ± 4.4) were also found in the abnormal foetus compared with the control. Chemical analyses on soil, grass and water at two sites where the two flocks were pastured established that doses of dioxins (17 different types) were below the legally permitted limits.
4 To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +39 081 5964977; Fax: +39 081 5965291; Email: l.iannuzzi{at}iabbam.na.cnr.it
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