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Mutagenesis Advance Access originally published online on September 13, 2007
Mutagenesis 2007 22(6):387-394; doi:10.1093/mutage/gem031
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the UK Environmental Mutagen Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Characterization of the genotoxic potential of formaldehyde in V79 cells

Günter Speit*, Petra Schütz, Josef Högel and Oliver Schmid

Universität Ulm, Institut für Humangenetik, D 89069 Ulm, Germany

Formaldehyde (FA) is known to be genotoxic and mutagenic in proliferating mammalian cells in vitro. The present study was performed to further characterize its genotoxic potential in the V79 Chinese hamster cell line. The induction of DNA strand breaks and DNA–protein cross-links (DPXs) was measured by the comet assay in relationship to the induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and micronuclei (MN). Induction of DNA strand breaks was found neither with the standard protocol of the alkaline comet assay nor with modifications using extended electrophoresis times or proteinase K. The concentration–effect relationship for the genotoxic effects was characterized by fitting different curves to the data. A two-phase regression model fitted best in comparison with a linear or a quadratic model and indicated practical thresholds for the induction of SCE and MN. For the induction of DPX as measured by the comet assay, neither a linear concentration–response relationship nor any of the tested models fitted well to the data. Three repeated treatments with genotoxic concentrations of FA with a 3-h interval led to enhanced levels of DPX and MN while the same treatments with a 24-h interval did not enhance FA genotoxicity but suggested adaptive protection against the DNA-damaging action of FA.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 731 500 65440; Fax: +49 731 500 65402; Email: guenter.speit{at}uni-ulm.de

Received on March 19, 2007; revised on July 16, 2007; accepted on July 17, 2007.


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